Ntuj bitumen thiab roj av bitumen sib txawv feem ntau nyob rau hauv lawv tsim, muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab lub cev tus cwj pwm. Ntuj bitumen, tseem hu ua ntxhia bitumen, yog muab rho tawm ncaj qha los ntawm bitumen deposits thiab tsim ntau lab xyoo raws li crude roj undergoes qeeb geological transformation. Txawm li cas los xij, roj av bitumen yog tsim nyob rau hauv refineries raws li ib tug byproduct ntawm crude roj fractionation.

Vim yog lawv cov keeb kwm txawv, ob hom bitumen sib txawv hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, purity, roj cov ntsiab lus, saponification tus nqi, acidity, lub cev muaj zog, kev siv, kev tsim khoom, thiab txawm tias tus nqi. Hauv tsab xov xwm no los ntawm Basekim blog, peb yuav saib txhua qhov sib txawv no thiab piav qhia lawv qhov tob.

Dab tsi yog Natural Bitumen?

Ua ntej muab piv rau ntuj thiab roj av bitumen, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias txhua yam yog dab tsi. Ntuj bitumen yog ib hom bitumen tsim ntau lab xyoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv organic faus tob hauv av maj mam degrade. Thaum lub sij hawm nws tau muab rho tawm, nws yog feem ntau yog khoom los yog semisolid.

Ntuj bitumen muaj ib tug siab concentration ntawm hnyav hydrocarbons thiab ntxhia tebchaw. Qhov sib txawv no ua rau nws denser, nyuaj, thiab tiv taus oxidation ntau dua li cov roj av bitumen.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm Natural Bitumen

Ntuj bitumen thiab roj av bitumen sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv tswv yim. Mining ib txwm tshwm sim hydrocarbon deposits yields natural bitumen, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob paub cov ntaub ntawv ntawm bitumen. Nws hardness, tshuaj stability, thiab tshwj xeeb durability ua rau nws pab tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries. Nws cov kev siv tseem ceeb suav nrog:

• Manufacturing high-strength, ntev asphalt rau kev tsim kho.
• Waterproofing vaj tse, foundations, thiab lwm yam industrial lug.
• Ua cov xim pleev xim, tiv thaiv corrosion coatings, thiab sealing cov ntaub ntawv.
• Txhim kho qhov zoo, lub zog, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj av bitumen thaum ua ke nrog nws.

Petroleum Bitumen yog dab tsi?

Petroleum bitumen yog tuab, nplaum hydrocarbon cov khoom tsim thaum lub sij hawm refining ntawm cov roj crude. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov seem seem ntawm cov roj crude distillation txheej txheem. Petroleum bitumen, nyob ntawm nws cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab lub cev, nws yog dav siv hauv kev tsim kho, kev siv dej tsis zoo, thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv bitumen.

Ntau hom roj av bitumen

Cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov roj av bitumen yog tsim los rau cov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb xws li asphalt ntau lawm, rwb thaiv tsev, sealing, thiab kev tsim kho. Qee hom hom yog:

• Penetration Bitumen (piv txwv li, 60/70) rau asphalt sib tov thiab txoj kev nto
• Oxidized Bitumen rau Waterproofing, Roofing, thiab Rwb thaiv tsev
• Bitumen emulsion rau kev sib xyaw txias
• Cutback bitumen (piv txwv li, Bitumen MC 30) rau kev tsim kho tshwj xeeb.

Nyob rau hauv refineries, roj crude yog rhuab nyob rau hauv distillation yees kom cais sib sib zog nqus feem xws li roj av, kerosene, thiab diesel. Qhov ntom ntom seem uas tshuav tom qab yog roj av bitumen, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam tshwj xeeb.

Petroleum bitumen distillation txheej txheem

Nyob rau hauv refineries, cov roj crude yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab nyob rau hauv lub distillation ntauwd, ua rau sib sib zog nqus feem xws li roj av, kerosene, thiab diesel kom evaporate thiab cais. Dab tsi tseem nyob hauv qab yog qhov ntom ntom, hnyav residue uas muaj cov hydrocarbons complex. Cov residue no tau sau ua bitumen. Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov npaj, nws yuav tau ua tiav, hloov kho, lossis oxidized kom ua tiav cov yam ntxwv uas xav tau rau ntau yam kev siv.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Natural Bitumen thiab Petroleum Bitumen

Bitumen muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom tseem ceeb: ntuj (mineral) thiab roj av, txhua tus muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv uas txhais tau tias lawv siv hauv ntau yam lag luam. Hauv qab no, peb rhuav tshem qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntuj thiab roj av bitumen.

1. Cov ntsiab lus sulfur

Ib qho kev sib txawv tshaj plaws ntawm ntuj thiab roj av bitumen yog cov ntsiab lus sulfur. Ntuj bitumen feem ntau muaj 3% mus rau 8% sulfur vim nws tsim nyob rau hauv underground deposits uas tau enriched nrog sulfur compounds ntau lab xyoo dhau los ntawm geological txheej txheem.

Petroleum bitumen, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau muaj tsawg dua 3% sulfur vim yog tshem tawm ntau yam impurities thaum lub sij hawm cov roj crude refinement thiab distillation.

2. Purity Level

Petroleum bitumen feem ntau yog siab dua hauv purity. Cov txheej txheem refining ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog tsawg impurities. Ntuj bitumen, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals thiab inorganic compounds, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau nws tus cwj pwm thiab lub cev yam ntxwv.

3. Cov Ntsiab Lus Roj

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib piv ntawm natural bitumen thiab roj av bitumen yog roj cov ntsiab lus. Petroleum bitumen muaj ntau lub teeb thiab volatile roj, uas ua rau kom yooj yim dua thiab adhesion. Ntuj bitumen muaj cov ntsiab lus roj qis, ua rau nws nyuaj thiab nkig, vim li ntawd nws tau siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau rigidity lossis waterproofing.

4. Saponification Tus nqi & Cov ntsiab lus acid

Ntuj bitumen muaj ntau dua saponification tus nqi thiab acid cov ntsiab lus vim nws complex ntxhia pleev. Cov khoom no cuam tshuam nws cov adhesion thiab tshuaj lom neeg sib cuam tshuam nrog dej thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Petroleum bitumen cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntau dua ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm qis dua saponification thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo dua hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.

5. Nqe sib piv

Petroleum bitumen feem ntau tsis tshua kim vim nws yog tsim los ntawm ntau qhov siv cov txheej txheem refinery. Ntuj bitumen yog kim dua vim muaj tsawg qhov chaw, nyuaj extraction, thiab tshwj xeeb muaj kev siv.

6. Txoj kev Extraction

Ntuj bitumen yog muab rho tawm ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom los yog semi-solid deposits. Tom qab mining, nws yog thermally thiab mechanically ua kom nws ua lag luam. Petroleum bitumen yog qhov sib txawv: nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv refineries los ntawm distilling crude roj. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ntxiv los tsim kev nkag mus rau bitumen, oxidized bitumen, emulsions, thiab lwm yam.

7. Tshuaj Muaj pes tsawg leeg

Ntuj bitumen muaj ntau dua cov sulfur, hnyav hlau, thiab ntxhia tebchaw. Petroleum bitumen feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab saturated hydrocarbons, nrog tsawg dua cov ntxhia tsis huv. Petroleum bitumen qhov sib xyaw ua ke ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev siv engineering uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo.

8. Lub Cev Lub Cev

Lub cev tus cwj pwm ntawm natural bitumen thiab roj av bitumen txawv heev:

Ntuj bitumen yog ib qho nyuaj, ntau nkig, thiab muaj qhov muag muag ntau dua.

Petroleum bitumen yog hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab nplaum thiab ua tau zoo dua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias vim nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm impurities hauv ntuj bitumen tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qee yam mob.

9. daim ntawv sau npe

Petroleum bitumen feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho kev tsim kho, kev siv dej tsis zoo, cov khoom siv bituminous (xws li isogam), thiab asphalt manufacturing. Nws cov adhesion siab, yoog raws, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim kom ntev ntev thiab tsis muaj dej tsis zoo hauv kev tsim kho thiab engineering engineering.

10. Cov nqi tsim khoom

Petroleum bitumen feem ntau muaj cov nqi ua haujlwm qis dua vim tias nws yog tsim los ntawm qhov loj siv cov txheej txheem refinery. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov zaum kawg, tej zaum yuav muaj nqi ntxiv rau kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg lossis kev ua tau zoo-txhim kho ntxiv.

Ntuj bitumen, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau kim dua los tsim. Nws cov extraction yog qhov nyuaj dua, feem ntau yuav tsum tau mining, mechanical processing, thiab purification kom nws haum rau kev siv. Cov kauj ruam ntxiv no ua rau tus nqi tag nrho ntau dua li cov roj av bitumen.

xaus

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav, cov av bitumen thiab roj av bitumen ob leeg muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv haum rau ntau hom kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho. Ntuj bitumen txawv los ntawm nws cov hardness, durability, thiab siab sulfur cov ntsiab lus, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau tej yaam num tshwj xeeb, whereas petroleum bitumen muaj superior yooj, adhesion, thiab nqi-zoo, ua rau nws xaiv rau txoj kev tsim kho, waterproofing, thiab dav engineering lub hom phiaj.

Basskim muab cov khoom lag luam zoo, vam khom rau txhua yam ntawm koj qhov project xav tau. Tshawb nrhiav peb cov kev xaiv hnub no thiab yuav khoom nrog kev ntseeg siab.